Psychology Reconstructs The Female, 1968-1988
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
6-1-1989
Published In
Psychology Of Women Quarterly
Abstract
Recent work on the psychology of gender is pluralistic, stemming from varied specialty areas within psychology, grounded in several intellectual frameworks, and reflecting a spectrum of feminist perspectives. This article is a critical appraisal of diverse approaches to the study of women and gender. It first describes prefeminist or “womanless” psychology, then analyzes four co-existing frameworks that have generated recent research. The four frameworks are: Exceptional Women, in which empirical research focuses on the correlates of high achievement for women, and women's history in the discipline is re-evaluated; Women as Problem (or Anomaly), in which research emphasizes explanations for female “deficiencies” (e.g., fear of success); the Psychology of Gender, in which the focus of inquiry shifts from women to gender, conceived as a principle of social organization that structures relations between women and men; and a (currently relatively undeveloped) Transformation framework that reflexively challenges the values, assumptions, and normative practices of the discipline. Examples of research programs within each approach are described, and the strengths and limitations of each approach are critically examined.
Recommended Citation
M. Crawford and Jeanne Marecek.
(1989).
"Psychology Reconstructs The Female, 1968-1988".
Psychology Of Women Quarterly.
Volume 13,
Issue 2.
147-165.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6402.1989.tb00993.x
https://works.swarthmore.edu/fac-psychology/384
Comments
Reprinted in: (1992). Seldom Seen, Rarely Heard: Women's Place In Psychology. 251-272.